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| Mitral stenosis ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Mitral valve stenosis
Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart.
==Signs and symptoms==
Signs and symptoms of mitral stenosis include the following:
*Heart failure symptoms, such as dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)〔
*Palpitations〔
*Chest pain〔
*Hemoptysis〔
*Thromboembolism〔 in later stages when the left atrial volume is increased (i.e., dilation). The latter leads to increase risk of atrial fibrillation, which increases the risk of blood stasis (motionless). This increases the risk of coagulation.
*Ascites and edema and hepatomegaly (if right-side heart failure develops)〔
Fatigue and weakness increase with exercise and pregnancy.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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